Gender-Based Violence State Brief

Minnesota

All data in this brief are specific to the state of Minnesota.

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KNOW YOUR NUMBERS

Sexual Violence (SV)

56% of women and 16% of men have experienced rape, sexual coercion, or unwanted sexual contact in their lifetime. There are over 1.5 million survivors in Minnesota alone (NISVS, 2023/2024).

33% of women and 7% of men first experienced sexual violence when they were under the age of 18 (NISVS, 2016/2017).

20% of 11th grade female students have been forced, tricked, or pressured into sexual activity in their lifetime (MNSS, 2025).

26% of 11th grade LGBTQ+ students have been forced, tricked, or pressured into sexual activity by a non-family member, family member, or partner (MNSS, 2025).

25%

25% of women have experienced completed or attempted rape in their lifetime (NISVS, 2023/2024).

Intimate Partner Violence (IPV)

41% of women and 15% of men have experienced contact sexual violence, physical violence, and/or stalking by an intimate partner in their lifetime. There are over 1.1 million survivors of IPV in Minnesota alone (NISVS, 2023/2024).

6% of 11th grade female students have experienced physical intimate partner violence in their lifetime (MNSS, 2025).

9% of 11th grade LGBTQ+ students have experienced physical intimate partner violence in their lifetime (MNSS, 2025).

34%

34% of women have experienced at least one IPV-related impact* in their lifetime. Prevalence for men is not available in Minnesota (NISVS, 2023/2024).

INTIMATE PARTNER HOMICIDE

Between 2019 and 2023, 89 Minnesota women were killed by their intimate partners. The rate of intimate partner homicide was more than 4.5 times higher for Black women (2.47 per 100,000 women) than white women (0.54 per 100,000 women).

Stalking

1 in 4 women has experienced stalking in their lifetime (NISVS, 2023/2024).

Human Trafficking

Between December 2024 and December 2025, there were 181 victims of commercial sex trafficking identified through police records.

In 2024, the Human Trafficking Hotline received calls identifying 133 victims of human trafficking (either sex or forced labor trafficking).

Sexual violence, domestic violence, stalking, and human trafficking remain among the most underreported crimes globally.

Today’s Key Priorities in GBV Prevention and Response

The first U.S. National Plan to End Gender-Based Violence was released in 2023, informed by a comprehensive, national process that engaged survivors, advocates, and other stakeholders. This policy overview is organized around selected National Plan priority areas, with a brief summary describing policies responsive to GBV prevention or survivor support.

  • GBV responsive
  • Some elements GBV responsive
  • Not GBV responsive

Priority Area 1: Prevention

DV training for healthcare workers is not required but is encouraged or made available by state policy (2019). State policy encourages DV training programs be created by the in-state DV Coalition.

Training for prevention of human trafficking among certain professions (e.g., hospitality management) or in specific locations is not encouraged or required in state law (2024).

State law encourages but does not require child sexual abuse (CSA) education to K-12 students and K-12 school staff (2025).

Priority Area 2: Survivor Support, Safety, and Well-being

Minnesota has 83 Domestic Violence Service Providers (2025).

State policy protects survivors of IPV from insurance discrimination for health insurance and life insurance, but not for disability insurance or property insurance (2019).

Priority Area 3a: Housing Stability

State law allows for court/protection orders to remove abusive partners and other violent perpetrators from a shared home (2024).

State law allows for early lease termination for IPV, SV, or stalking survivors with protections from financial penalty (2024). Evidence requirements may differ by state. See state policy for details.

Landlords are not legally required to change locks for individuals experiencing GBV (2024).

State law prohibits landlords from evicting survivors due to the GBV they experienced (2024).

State officials conduct an annual point-in-time count to estimate the number of unhoused individuals in each state and locality. In a single night, there were 583 unhoused IPV survivors counted in Minnesota (2025).

Priority Area 3b: Economic Security

As of 2023, the criminal definition of domestic violence does not include elements of economic coercion or abuse.

State law allows survivors to take leave from employment due to the consequences of abuse (2025).

GBV survivors are not legally protected against employer discrimination or retaliation based on their status as a survivor (2025).

State law allows survivors who must leave or quit work due to domestic abuse, sexual assault, harassment, or stalking-related circumstances to remain eligible for unemployment benefits (2025). The claimant may need to show proof of violence or harassment to qualify.

Economic insecurity is both a risk factor for and a consequence of GBV victimization. Some women in Minnesota are more likely to face economic insecurity than others. In Minnesota (2024), among full-time, year-round workers, for every 1 dollar a white man makes, a white non-Hispanic woman makes $0.83, a Black woman makes $0.63, a Latina woman makes $0.62, and an Indigenous woman makes $0.60.

Priority Area 4: Online Safety & Security

As of 2025, the criminal definition of stalking is inclusive of online tactics (cyberstalking). Direct cyber components are included in the legal definition of stalking/harassment.

State law criminalizes AI-generated Child Sexual Abuse Materials (CSAM) as part of the definition of CSAM (2025).

Additional state online safety laws prohibit nonconsensual distribution of deepfake images and obscene/ harassing telephone calls (2025). As of 2026, all U.S. states have criminalized nonconsensual distribution of intimate images.

Priority Area 5: Legal and Justice Systems

Survivors of GBV can file for protective orders against stalking (2025). Survivors of stalking, regardless of their relationship to the perpetrator, can file for protective orders, no-contact orders, or civil injunctions.

State policy does not establish a Domestic Violence Fatality Review Team, although establishing one is allowed (2019).

Access to Guns

State law includes an extreme risk/red flag gun law allowing courts to temporarily limit an individual from purchasing or possessing firearms (2026).

State law closes the “boyfriend loophole” present in federal law, prohibiting gun possession by those convicted of IPV (including dating partners) (2026).

Rape Kit Policy

State policy requires existence of a Rape Kit Tracking System (2026).

State policy establishes or encourages some guidelines regarding submission or testing of newly submitted rape kits (2026). See state policy for details.

State policy establishes a Victims’ Right to Know for rape kit progress (2026). Survivors have the right to information, upon request, of the location and results of their kit.

Sources

  1. CDC. (2025). The National Intimate Partner and Sexual Violence Survey: 2023/2024 Sexual violence data brief [PDF]. https://www.cdc.gov/nisvs/media/pdfs/sexualviolence-brief.pdf. Retrieved Jan 12, 2026.
  2. CDC. (2023). The National Intimate Partner and Sexual Violence Survey: 2016–2017 state report [PDF]. https://www.cdc.gov/nisvs/documentation/NISVS-2016-2017-State-Report-508.pdf. Retrieved Feb 18, 2026.
  3. MN Department of Health. Minnesota School Survey - Internal communication, July 30, 2026.
  4. CDC. (2026). The National Intimate Partner and Sexual Violence Survey: Intimate partner violence data brief [PDF]. https://www.cdc.gov/nisvs/media/ pdfs/intimatepartnerviolence-brief.pdf. Retrieved Mar 2, 2026.
  5. CDC. (2019–2023). WISQARS National Violent Death Reporting System report: Intimate partner violence, women ages 15–85+, 2019–2023. https:// wisqars.cdc.gov/. Retrieved Apr 16, 2026.
  6. CDC. (2025). The National Intimate Partner and Sexual Violence Survey: 2023/2024 Stalking data brief [PDF]. https://www.cdc.gov/nisvs/media/pdfs/ stalking-brief.pdf. Retrieved Jan 12, 2026.
  7. Federal Bureau of Investigation. (2024–2025). Crime Data Explorer. https://cde.ucr.cjis.gov/LATEST/webapp/#/pages/home. Retrieved Apr 15, 2026.
  8. National Human Trafficking Hotline. (2024). https://humantraffickinghotline.org/en/statistics. Retrieved Feb 21, 2026.
  9. The White House. (2023). U.S. National Plan to End Gender-Based Violence: Strategies for Action. https://bidenwhitehouse.archives.gov/wp-content/ uploads/2023/05/National-Plan-to-End-GBV.pdf. May 2023.
  10. Futures Without Violence. (2019). Compendium of state and U.S. territory statutes and policies on domestic violence and health care (4th ed.) [PDF]. https://store.futureswithoutviolence.org/product/us-state-and-territory-compendium/. Retrieved Mar 5, 2026. Minnesota law: (1993 Minn. Laws Chap. 326, Art. 12, Sec. 15); (Minn. Stat. Ann. § 72A.20, subd. 8(d)); (Minn. Stat. § 611A.203).
  11. U.S. Department of Transportation. (2024, May). Compendium of transport-specific human trafficking state and territory laws: A resource guide (2nd ed.) [PDF]. Transportation Leaders Against Human Trafficking Initiative. https://www.transportation.gov/sites/dot.gov/files/2024-07/USDOT%20TLAHT%20 HT%20Laws%20Compendium%20-%202024%20Edition_0.pdf. Retrieved Dec. 12, 2025.
  12. Enough Abuse. (2025). State Laws Mandating or Allowing Child Sexual Abuse Prevention Education in Schools. https://enoughabuse.org/get-vocal/laws-by-state/prevention-education/. Retrieved June 1, 2026. Minnesota law: (Minn. Stat. § 120B.234).
  13. National Network to End Domestic Violence. (2025). Domestic Violence Counts: 19th Annual Report. https://nnedv.org/content/domestic-violence-counts-19th-annual-report/. Retrieved June 17, 2026.
  14. U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development. (2025). CoC homeless populations and subpopulations reports. https://www.hudexchange.info/ programs/coc/coc-homeless-populations-and-subpopulations-reports/. Retrieved June 17, 2026.
  15. National Housing Law Project. (2024). Housing rights of domestic violence and sexual assault survivors: A state and local law compendium [PDF]. https:// www.nhlp.org/wp-content/uploads/2024-NHLP-Compendium-of-Housing-Rights-for-DVS.pdf. Retrieved Feb 16, 2026. Minnesota law: (Minn. Stat. Ann.§ 518B.01); (Minn. Stat. Ann. § 504B.206, subd. 1(a)–(e), subd. 6(3)); (Minn. Stat. Ann. § 504B.285, subd. 1(b)).
  16. National Women’s Law Center. (2026). The Lifetime Wage Gap: State by State. https://nwlc.org/resource/the-lifetime-wage-gap-state-by-state/. Retrieved Apr 14, 2026.
  17. The National Survivor Financial Security Policy Map and Scorecard. FreeFrom. https://mapandscorecard.freefrom.org. Current as of Dec. 15, 2023. Retrieved Feb. 2026.
  18. Legal Momentum. (2025). State guide on employment rights for survivors of domestic violence, sexual assault, and stalking [PDF]. https://www. legalmomentum.org/sites/default/files/reports/50%20State%20Survivor%20Guide.pdf. Retrieved Feb 12, 2026. Minnesota law: (Minn. Stat. § 268B.01 et seq.); (Minn. Stat. § 268.095).
  19. Women’s Law. (Minnesota page last updated Nov. 2025). State Map. https://www.womenslaw.org/laws?reset-state=1. Retrieved Mar 3, 2026. Minnesota law: (Minn. Stat. § 609.749, subd. 2(c)(2), (4), (6)); (§§ 617.262, 609.79); (Minn. Stat. § 609.748(4)).
  20. Enough Abuse. (2025). State laws criminalizing AI-generated or computer-edited child sexual abuse material (CSAM). https://enoughabuse.org/get-vocal/ laws-by-state/state-laws-criminalizing-ai-generated-or-computer-edited-child-sexual-abuse-material-csam/. Retrieved Mar 6, 2026. Minnesota law: (Minn. Stat. § 617.246).
  21. Cyber Civil Rights Initiative. (n.d.). Nonconsensual distribution of intimate images. Retrieved May 15, 2026, from https://cybercivilrights.org/ nonconsensual-distribution-of-intimate-images/.
  22. Everytown Research & Policy. (2026). 2026 Everytown Gun Law Rankings. https://everytownresearch.org/rankings/. Retrieved Feb 9, 2026. Minnesota law: (Minn. Stat. § 624.7171 et seq.); (Minn. Stat. § 518B.01, subd. 6(g), subd. 2(b)(7)).
  23. End the Backlog. (2026). Pillar map. https://www.endthebacklog.org/#explore_backlog_map. Retrieved Mar 10, 2026. Minnesota law: (Minn. Stat. § 299C.106); (HF2890 (2023)); (Minn. Stat. § 611A.27).